Cell tower construction and antenna installation field guide

What cell tower work is, and the two facts that decide it

Cell tower construction and antenna installation is the work of building and maintaining a cell site: pouring the foundation, erecting the tower, mounting the antennas and remote radio units, running the cable, grounding the structure, and proving the radio path before the carrier turns it on. The tower is the part you can see from the road. The job is everything hung on it and everything buried under it.

Two facts decide how the whole job is run, and everything else is detail by comparison. Tower climbing is one of the most dangerous occupations in the country, so 100 percent fall protection and a written rescue plan are the price of being on the structure at all. And the tower is a piece of engineering sized to a specific wind, ice, and equipment load, so you cannot bolt new antennas onto it without a structural analysis and, often, a modification. Hold those two and the rest of the work has a frame.

The trade runs the gamut from a 60 ft monopole behind a strip mall to a 1,000 ft broadcast guyed tower in a field. The same logic carries across all of it. Do the foundation, the erection, the antenna and cable install, the grounding, and the RF safety right, to the carrier specification and the adopted codes, and the site lights up and stays up. Skip a step and the failure is rarely small.

Why falls and structural loading govern everything

Start every job from the two hazards that kill, because they outrank schedule, cost, and convenience every time. The first is the fall. A climber on a 300 ft tower has no margin for a missed connection, and the federal injury and fatality data put tower work among the deadliest jobs per worker in the construction sector. The defense is not heroics. It is 100 percent tie-off, a climb-assist or fall-arrest system on the structure, inspected gear, a trained climber, and a rescue plan staged before anyone leaves the ground. OSHA fall protection rules and the NATE climber and rescuer training standard, built around ANSI/ASSP A10.48, are where the requirements live, and they control, not crew habit.

The second is the loading. A tower is designed by a structural engineer to carry its own weight plus a defined wind load, ice load, and the weight and wind area of the mounted equipment, all under TIA-222. That capacity is finite and it was set for the gear that was on the drawing. Add antennas, radios, mounts, or lines and you have changed the load case, which means a structural analysis, and frequently a reinforcement, before the gear goes up. Treating either of these as a formality is how crews and towers get hurt. Hedge to OSHA and NATE on the fall side and to TIA-222 and the engineer of record on the loading side, every time.

What are the cell tower types?

Three structural families cover most of the work, plus rooftop and stealth installs that hide the same hardware. The choice is driven by height, the equipment load the site has to carry, the available land, and what the zoning will allow. Each type carries the load to the ground a different way, which changes the foundation and the climb.

A monopole is a single tapered steel tube, commonly in the 50 ft to 200 ft range, with antennas on the outside and a slim footprint. A self-support, or lattice, tower is a three or four leg truss built from hundreds of bolted members, taller and able to carry more equipment than a monopole, on a wider base. A guyed tower is a slender mast held up by stranded steel guy cables anchored out from the base, the type used for the tallest structures, and it needs the most land because the anchors sit out at roughly 80 percent of the tower height. Rooftop and stealth sites mount the same antennas, radios, and lines on a building or inside a disguised structure, and the building's own loading and the lease drawings govern there. The right type is an engineering and siting decision, not a preference, so confirm it against the structural design and the carrier requirements.

The foundation and the soil under it

Everything above ground is only as good as what holds it down, and the controlling load on a tower foundation is usually overturning, not weight. Wind pushing on the tower and its equipment tries to tip and twist the structure, so the foundation has to resist the overturning moment and the uplift it creates, which is a different problem from a building footing carrying gravity load.

The foundation type follows the soil and the tower. A drilled pier, a deep reinforced-concrete shaft, is common for monopoles and self-support towers and carries high lateral and uplift load in a small footprint. A mat, or spread, foundation spreads the load across a wide reinforced pad where the soil or the loads call for it. Guyed towers add a separate problem: each guy anchor, a drilled shaft or a deadman, has to resist the cable tension trying to pull it out of the ground. The rebar cage, the embedded anchor bolts, and the pier or pedestal that ties the tower base to the concrete are all sized by the engineer to the soil report and the design loads.

This is geotechnical and structural engineering, not a field call. The foundation is designed to a soil investigation and the TIA-222 loads, and the same overturning and uplift logic that governs any deep footing applies here with the tower's wind load driving it. Build it to the stamped drawings, confirm the anchor bolt pattern, projection, and torque against the design and the tower base, and do not improvise on rebar or embedment.

Erecting the tower: crane or gin pole

Once the foundation has cured and the anchor bolts check out, the tower goes up in sections, and how those sections are set is one of the higher-hazard parts of the job. Most towers are erected with a crane lifting prebuilt sections into place, which is fast and clean when the crane can reach the height and the site has room for it. Tall towers and tight sites use a gin pole, a specialist rig that mounts to the erected tower and walks itself up, hoisting each new section above the last. Gin pole work is a discipline of its own and belongs to crews trained and equipped for it.

Either way, the lift is a rigging operation with the same four killers that govern any crane job: power-line contact, tipping or overload, a dropped load, and people in the swing. The crane has to work within its load chart for the radius and configuration, the rigging has to be rated and inspected, and the area under the lift has to be cleared. The companion crane, rigging, and signaling guide covers the load chart, the sling angle, the signals, and the exclusion zone in depth, and it applies directly here.

The bolt-up is the quiet half. Tower steel is connected with high-strength bolts torqued or tensioned to the structural specification, and an under-tensioned connection on a structure that flexes in wind will loosen and fatigue. Confirm the bolt grade, the pattern, and the torque or tension against the erection drawings, and treat the connection record as part of the structure, because the inspector and the next analysis will both rely on it.

What is a tower loading analysis?

A tower loading analysis is a structural engineer's calculation of whether a specific tower can carry a specific set of equipment under the code wind and ice loads, and it is the single rule that separates this trade from bolting brackets to a pole. The tower was designed for the antennas, radios, mounts, and lines that were on it originally. Every piece of gear adds weight and, more important, wind area, and wind area on a tall lever arm is what drives the loads at the base and in the members. You cannot see the margin by looking at the steel.

So the order of operations is fixed: before new antennas or RRUs go up, the carrier or the tower owner commissions a structural analysis under TIA-222 that adds the proposed equipment to the existing load and checks every member, connection, and the foundation against capacity. If the structure passes, the install proceeds. If it does not, the tower needs a structural modification, a reinforcement of legs, diagonals, or the foundation, engineered and installed before the gear is loaded. There is no version of this where you add equipment first and check later.

This is where the most expensive failures in the trade come from. A crew adds a sector of new radios to make a deadline, the analysis was never done or came back failing and got ignored, and the tower is now overloaded for the next ice storm or wind event. Hedge this hard. The structural analysis and any required modification are the engineer of record's call under TIA-222 and the carrier's structural specification, not the climbing crew's, and the gear does not go up until the stamped analysis says it can.

TIA-222, the structural standard

TIA-222 is the structural standard for antenna supporting structures, and it is the document the engineer designs and analyzes the tower to. It sets how the wind load, ice load, dead load, and seismic load are calculated and combined, using site-specific wind speed and ice thickness mapped to the tower's location, and it carries the analysis and inspection provisions that govern both new construction and modification of existing structures.

The standard is revised on a long cycle, and the revision matters. Revision G and Revision H have both been widely used, with Revision I the newest, and the wind and load provisions changed between them, so an analysis is only meaningful against a stated revision. A tower designed to an older edition is not automatically deficient, but when it is reused or loaded with new equipment it may have to be brought up to the reliability the current standard requires.

Treat the revision as part of the spec. Confirm which edition of TIA-222 the jurisdiction and the carrier require for the analysis, and do not assume an old report still applies after the structure has changed. The standard governs the engineering; the engineer of record applies it to the specific tower.

The antennas and RRUs, and the load they add

The antennas and the remote radio units are the payload the whole site exists to carry. The antennas are the panels that radiate, arranged in sectors, commonly three, each aimed at an azimuth to cover its slice of the cell. The remote radio unit, the RRU, is the transceiver, mounted up at the antenna instead of in the shelter so the RF runs only a short jumper and the loss stays low. Together they hang on a sector frame, a mount that sets the azimuth and the mechanical downtilt and ties the assembly to the tower.

Every one of these pieces is part of the loading, not just the radio plan. An antenna and its RRU have a published weight and a projected wind area, and the mount and frame add their own. The azimuth, the downtilt, the antenna model, the RRU count, and the mounting height all come off the carrier's RF design and construction drawings, and those same numbers feed the structural analysis. Install to the carrier specification for position and tilt, because an antenna a few degrees off azimuth or tilt degrades the sector, and confirm the model and quantity match what the loading analysis was run against. The gear on the drawing and the gear on the tower have to be the same gear.

Appurtenances and the wind area they add

Appurtenances are everything mounted on the tower that is not the structure itself: the antennas, the RRUs, the mounts and sector frames, the platforms and standoff brackets, the cable and its supports, the ice bridge, and the lights. The reason they get their own word in the analysis is that each one adds weight and, more to the point, wind area, and the structural model has to account for all of it.

Small additions add up. A handful of new jumpers, a larger mount, an extra RRU per sector, and a few runs of line are easy to wave off one at a time, but the analysis sees them as a combined increase in the load the tower carries. That is why an accurate appurtenance inventory, the actual list of what is on the structure with weights and areas, is the starting point for any loading analysis. A tower mapped wrong gives an analysis that is wrong in the same direction. Keep the inventory current, and feed the real list into the engineering, not the list from two carriers ago.

Running the cable: coax, hybrid, and the supports

The cable carries the signal and the power up the tower, and how it is supported and sealed decides whether the site stays on the air. Older sites run coaxial transmission line from the shelter to top-mounted antennas. Modern builds run hybrid cable, a single jacketed line that bundles optical fiber for the signal and copper conductors for DC power up to the RRUs, with short coax jumpers only at the top. Either way the line runs up a waveguide ladder or cable tray on the tower face, supported at regular intervals so its own weight and the wind do not work it loose.

Hoisting the line is its own step. A hoisting grip sized to the cable grabs it without crushing the jacket or stressing the conductors, and the line is supported with hangers at the spacing the manufacturer calls for so it does not sag or fatigue at the connectors. Every connection gets weatherproofed as soon as it is made, with butyl mastic and tape or heat-shrink, because a connector that takes on water corrodes, raises loss, and shows up later as a PIM problem. Look for outdoor-rated, sealed connectors, and a clean, supported run with no kinks. The cable and its grounding are where a lot of quiet site failures start, so they get installed to the carrier's cable specification, not by feel.

Grounding and lightning protection

A tower is a tall steel object in the open, which means it gets struck, and the grounding system is what carries that energy to earth instead of through the equipment. The site is built around a buried ground ring tied to ground rods, with the tower, the ice bridge, the shelter, and the equipment all bonded to it. The transmission line and hybrid cable are grounded with grounding kits at the standard points, typically at the top of the run near the antennas, at the bottom before the line leaves the tower, and again at the cable entry to the shelter.

The principle is one low-impedance path and everything bonded to it, so a strike does not find a difference in potential to jump across through a radio. A poor or corroded ground, a missing grounding kit on a cable run, or a bond left off is the kind of defect that does nothing until the day it takes out a sector or a baseband unit. The companion lightning protection guide to NFPA 780 covers the ground ring, the down conductors, the bonding, and the surge protection in depth, and the same fundamentals apply to the tower site. Build the grounding to the carrier's grounding standard and the applicable codes, and inspect the bonds and the kits, because they are easy to skip and expensive to miss.

RF exposure and locking out the transmitters

The transmitting antennas are a hazard you cannot see, hear, or feel until it is doing harm, and it is the one rookies underestimate. Operating antennas radiate RF energy, and in the zone close in front of a live panel the exposure can exceed the FCC limits for people, which is exactly where a climber works to service an antenna. The defense is to control the energy before anyone enters that zone.

The standard practice is to coordinate with the carrier and power down or reduce the transmitters serving the antennas the crew will work near, so the exposure in the work area stays within the occupational limit, and then verify it. A personal RF monitor worn by the climber alarms if it reads a field above the set threshold, which is a backstop, not a substitute for the power-down. Signage marks the boundary where the exposure exceeds the general-public limit. The FCC sets the exposure limits and the rules for them, and they are frequency-dependent and split between a higher occupational limit and a lower general-public limit, so do not carry one number in your head as the answer. Hedge this hard: the RF exposure limits are the FCC's under its rules and OET guidance, the de-energization is coordinated with the carrier, and you treat every antenna as live until it is confirmed otherwise.

RF exposure zones and controlled access

RF exposure is managed in zones, and the boundaries matter because the limit changes with who is in the area. An occupational, or controlled, zone is for trained workers who know the hazard and can manage their exposure, and it carries a higher permissible limit. A general-public, or uncontrolled, zone, such as the ground below a tower or a publicly accessible rooftop, carries a lower limit. The line between them is supposed to be marked with signage so a person knows when they are entering a higher-exposure area.

On a working tower the practical sequence is to identify which antennas create a hazard zone in the work area, coordinate with the carrier to de-energize or reduce them, confirm the field with a monitor, and keep access controlled while the work is done. None of this is the climbing crew's authority to wing. The exposure limits and the zone definitions come from the FCC rules, the carrier coordinates the de-energization, and a competent person assesses the site before the climb, so confirm the procedure against the carrier's RF safety program and the federal limits rather than assuming a site is safe because it looks like every other one.

What is tower climbing fall protection?

Tower climbing fall protection is the system and the discipline that keep a climber attached to the structure at every moment off the ground, and it is the single most important thing on the job because the fall is the hazard that kills most often. The core rule is 100 percent tie-off: the climber is connected to an anchor at all times, including during the transition from one connection to the next, using a twin-leg lanyard so one leg is always clipped while the other moves. There is no acceptable moment of being unattached at height.

Most towers add a climb-assist or fall-arrest system, a safety cable or rail on the structure that a sleeve rides and locks onto if the climber falls, so the climb itself is protected and not just the work positioning. The harness, lanyards, connectors, and the cable sleeve are life-safety gear, rated and inspected, and they get a documented inspection before each use and are pulled from service the moment they show wear, a deployed indicator, or damage. The climber has to be trained and authorized for the work. Hedge this hard and do not soften it: 100 percent fall protection, inspected gear, and a trained climber are the requirements under OSHA fall protection rules and the NATE climber and rescuer standard built on ANSI/ASSP A10.48, and they are the floor, not the goal.

The rescue plan, before anyone climbs

A fall-arrest system stops the fall, but a climber hanging in a harness is now a second emergency, because suspension in a harness can become life-threatening in minutes, well before an outside rescue can reach someone at height. That is why a rescue plan is not paperwork filed after the fact. It is staged before the first climb of the day, with the gear and the trained people on site to bring a suspended or injured climber down without waiting for the fire department.

The plan covers self-rescue where the climber can manage it and team rescue where they cannot, the descent equipment is on site and the crew is trained to use it, and the assignment is clear about who performs the rescue. Common guidance is that trained rescuers are present whenever climbing is happening, so a downed climber is reached by the crew on hand. Treat this as absolute: nobody climbs without a rescue plan and the means to execute it. Verify the rescue capability against OSHA and the NATE climber and rescuer training standard, and stage it on the ground before anyone leaves it.

Certified and competent climbers

Tower climbing is not a job you hand to whoever is available. The industry runs on trained and verified climbers, with training programs such as NATE's climber and rescuer track and ComTrain's authorized and competent climber courses that map to OSHA and ANSI/ASSP A10.48. An authorized climber is trained and works under supervision, often early in their experience, while a competent climber has the training and authority to recognize hazards and direct corrective action, including the rescue.

The certification is paired with the daily discipline. The climber inspects the harness and the fall-protection gear before each use, confirms the anchor points and the climb-assist system, and works the RF and structural conditions the competent person identified. Training without the daily inspection is a paper qualification, and the daily inspection without the training misses what to look for. Confirm climber qualifications against the carrier's and contractor's requirements and the recognized training standards, and keep the records, because the carrier and the safety audit will ask for them.

FAA obstruction marking and lighting

Once a tower gets tall enough to be a hazard to aircraft, it has to be marked and lit, and the height that triggers it is generally an overall height above 200 ft above ground level, or anything that penetrates the Part 77 obstruction surfaces near an airport at a lower height. The FAA's obstruction marking and lighting advisory circular, AC 70/7460-1, sets the schemes, and the structure is also registered with the FCC in the antenna structure registration system.

The marking is the aviation orange and white paint, or a lighting system, or both, depending on the height and location. Lighting commonly uses red beacons such as the L-864 for nighttime, with steady-burning side lights at intermediate levels on taller structures, or a higher-intensity white system in some cases. The catch most people miss is the monitoring. A lighting outage has to be caught and reported, and a failure of a required light that lasts beyond a short window, commonly cited at 30 minutes, requires a NOTAM to warn pilots until it is fixed.

Confirm the marking and lighting scheme against the FAA determination for the specific structure and the current advisory circular, because the requirements depend on height, location, and the FAA's study, and the editions change. Monitor the lights, and report and NOTAM an outage on time, because an unlit tall tower at night is an aviation hazard, not a maintenance backlog item.

Weather and when to stop the climb

Weather decides whether the climb happens, and the call is made before the crew goes up, not after the wind picks up. High wind makes the structure and the climber unsafe and makes a lift uncontrollable, lightning anywhere near the site clears everyone off a tall steel object immediately, and ice on the steel makes the climb slick and adds load the tower was only designed to carry under specific conditions.

Set the limits in advance and hold them. Each contractor and carrier has wind-speed limits for climbing and for crane work, and they come down when there is ice or when a storm is in range. Heat and cold matter too: heat stress on a climber working in the sun on steel, and cold that stiffens hands and gear, both degrade the margin that fall protection depends on. The blunt version is that no antenna swap is worth a climb in conditions outside the limits. When the weather is wrong, the work waits, and that decision is cheaper than any of the alternatives.

Commissioning the site and proving the RF path

Commissioning is where the install gets proven before the carrier accepts it, and the point is to demonstrate that the RF path from the radio to the antenna is clean. A site that climbs out beautifully can still perform badly if a connector is loose, a jumper is damaged, or a line took on water, and the only way to know is to test it. The acceptance package is what the carrier signs off, and it is built from line sweeps, PIM tests, fiber verification, and confirmation that the antennas are at the azimuth and downtilt the design called for.

The work is methodical. Each transmission line and jumper is swept, each path is PIM tested, the fiber on a hybrid run is tested for loss and continuity, and the antenna positions are checked against the RF design. Then the radios are integrated and the sector is brought on air and confirmed against the carrier's commissioning criteria. The results are not just a pass or fail. They are the baseline the next technician compares against when the site degrades, so they belong in the record. Run the commissioning to the carrier's acceptance specification, because the carrier sets the thresholds the site has to meet.

The line sweep and the PIM test

The line sweep and the PIM test answer two different questions about the same RF path, and a complete acceptance needs both. A line sweep, run with a cable and antenna analyzer, measures the impedance match of the line and antenna system, reported as return loss or VSWR, along with insertion loss, and distance-to-fault locates where a problem sits along the cable so a technician knows which connector or section to fix. The sweep tells you the system is matched and the line is intact.

A PIM test, passive intermodulation, looks for a different defect. When two strong signals hit a non-linear junction, a corroded connector, a loose connection, a contaminated mating surface, or rust on a nearby part, the junction generates interfering signals that land back in the receive band and quietly raise the noise floor, which costs capacity and shows up as a site that underperforms for no obvious reason. Because PIM depends on a clean, well-matched line, the usual order is to sweep first and resolve the impedance issues, then PIM test, since a poor sweep will confuse the PIM result. Both get measured against the carrier's acceptance thresholds, and both go in the record so the next person has a baseline.

Tower modifications and periodic inspection

A tower is not finished once it is built, because the equipment on it keeps changing and the structure ages in the weather. When a new loading analysis shows the tower cannot carry the next round of gear, the answer is a structural modification, reinforcing legs, diagonals, connections, or the foundation to the engineer's design, installed and inspected before the equipment is loaded. The modification is engineering work, stamped and built to drawings, not field reinforcement improvised to make a date.

Towers also get inspected on a schedule. TIA-222 includes maintenance and condition-assessment provisions, and carriers and owners run periodic inspections that check the steel, the connections, the guy tensions on a guyed tower, the foundation, the grounding, and the appurtenances against the records. The inspection catches corrosion, loose or missing bolts, damaged members, and gear that was added without going through the loading analysis. Run the inspection interval and scope to the carrier's and owner's program and the TIA-222 condition-assessment guidance, and feed what it finds back into the structural record, because an inspection nobody acts on is just a file.

What to document

The record is what proves the site was built right and what the next crew works from, and on a tower it spans engineering, safety, and RF. The loading analysis and any modification show the structure can carry what is on it. The grounding, the sweep and PIM results, and the FAA lighting status show the site is safe and on the air. The fall-protection and rescue records show the work was done within the rules. Lose those and you cannot defend the build or troubleshoot it later.

Capture the stamped loading analysis and the TIA-222 revision it used, any structural modification and its drawings, the foundation and anchor-bolt records, the appurtenance inventory with the gear actually installed, the grounding and bonding verification, the sweep and PIM results against the carrier thresholds, the antenna azimuth and tilt as set, the FAA marking and lighting status with the monitoring in place, and the climber qualifications, gear inspections, and rescue plan for the work. A field platform such as FieldOS keeps the analysis, the as-built, the test results, and the safety records attached to the site instead of scattered across emails, so the next analysis and the next inspection start from the truth.

Common mistakes

• Adding antennas or RRUs without a structural loading analysis, or after an analysis that came back failing.
• Climbing without 100 percent tie-off, or breaking the connection during a transition.
• Going up with no rescue plan and no trained rescuer on site.
• Climbing into a live RF zone without coordinating the power-down, the monitor, and the signage.
• Grounding left incomplete: a missing cable grounding kit, a corroded bond, or no tie to the ground ring.
• Letting FAA lighting fail without monitoring, reporting, and a NOTAM within the required window.
• Accepting the site without a passing line sweep and PIM test against the carrier thresholds.
• Building the appurtenance inventory or the loading analysis off the wrong gear list.

Field checklist

Standards and references

Four authorities govern this work, and the skill is hedging each claim to the one that actually controls it. On the fall side, OSHA fall protection rules under 29 CFR 1926 set the legal floor, and the NATE climber and rescuer training standard, built on ANSI/ASSP A10.48, is the industry's framework for 100 percent fall protection, qualified climbers, and rescue. Treat falls as the deadliest hazard on the job, and treat 100 percent tie-off with a staged rescue plan as non-negotiable, not aspirational.

On the structure, TIA-222 is the standard the engineer designs and analyzes the tower to, covering the wind, ice, and equipment loads and the analysis and inspection provisions, with the revision stated. The engineer of record applies it to the specific tower. The rule that never bends is that you do not add gear without a structural loading analysis under TIA-222, and a modification where it fails. On the RF and aviation side, the FCC sets the RF exposure limits and the rules around them, and the FAA's AC 70/7460-1 governs obstruction marking and lighting above the trigger height, with FCC antenna structure registration on top. Lock out and verify the RF before entering the hazard zone, ground and bond the tower, and prove the path with a sweep and PIM test.

Above all of these sits the carrier specification. The carrier sets the construction, grounding, RF design, and acceptance thresholds the site is built and tested to, and where it is stricter than a general practice, it governs. Cite the standard that controls the point, confirm the editions and the carrier requirements in force, and let the engineer, the carrier, and the AHJ settle anything the general rule does not.

Units and terms

Cell site work crosses structural, RF, and safety vocabularies, so the same hardware shows up under different names across a structural drawing, a carrier RF package, and a safety plan. These are the terms that carry the most meaning on the tower.

Keep the structural terms and the RF terms straight, because the loading analysis speaks one language and the commissioning speaks another, and the records have to satisfy both.

Cell tower / cell site

The structure and the equipment that radiate and connect a wireless cell: tower, antennas, radios, cable, grounding, and shelter

Monopole / lattice / guyed

The three tower families: a single steel tube, a bolted self-support truss, and a slender mast held by guy cables

TIA-222 loading analysis

The engineer's calculation under TIA-222 of whether a tower can carry specific equipment under code wind and ice loads

RRU / antenna

Remote radio unit, the transceiver mounted at the antenna, and the antenna panel that radiates each sector

Hybrid cable

A single jacketed line bundling optical fiber for signal and copper conductors for DC power up to the RRUs

Appurtenance

Anything mounted on the tower beyond the structure: antennas, RRUs, mounts, platforms, lines, lights, each adding load and wind area

RF exposure zone

Controlled (occupational) and uncontrolled (general-public) areas with different FCC maximum permissible exposure limits

100 percent tie-off

Staying connected to an anchor at all times at height, including during transitions, the core of fall protection

Line sweep / PIM

Return loss, VSWR, and distance-to-fault on the line, and passive intermodulation, the interference from non-linear junctions

FAA marking / lighting

Obstruction paint and beacons such as the L-864 required above the trigger height per FAA AC 70/7460-1

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