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Field glossary

Terms — V

89 field terms starting with V, 16 with a full reference page. Each links to the Anvilfield guides where the term is used on the job.

V
Stored water volume in gallons, the usable cold volume the tank deliversIn: Thermal energy storage tankDry-type transformer guideEvaporation rate and plastic cracking
V<sub>awg</sub>
Volume allowance for that wire size from Table 314.16(B)In: NEC box fill, 314.16
V<sub>box</sub>
Box volume from 314.16(A) or the volume marked on the boxIn: NEC box fill, 314.16
V<sub>device</sub>
Allowance for the largest conductor connected to the device, counted twice per deviceIn: NEC box fill, 314.16
Va / air voids
Air left in the compacted mix as a percent of volume, designed to 4 percentIn: Asphalt mix design (Superpave)
VA / kVA
Volt-amperes, the apparent power that sizes conductors and gear; kVA is thousands of VAIn: Load calculation, NEC 220
Vacuum breaker
Backflow protection built into a potable supply-fed primer that stops drain-side water being siphoned back into the potable systemIn: Trap primer field guideFlushometer flush valve types
Vacuum test
A negative-pressure test, the code option for plastic DWV instead of a positive air testIn: Plumbing pressure test guide
Vacuum vs SF6 breaker
Vacuum interrupts the arc in a sealed vacuum bottle; SF6 interrupts in pressurized sulfur hexafluoride gasIn: MV switchgear maintenance and testing
Value = function / cost
The core relationship: value rises when function is held and cost falls, or when function is added for the same costIn: Value engineering field guide
Value engineering
A structured method to improve a project's value by analyzing required functions and delivering them at lower life-cycle cost without losing performanceIn: Value engineering field guidePreconstruction field guide
Valve authority
Ratio of the valve's pressure drop to the controlled branch drop; aim high, commonly 0.3 to 0.5 or betterIn: Hydronic balancing valves field guideBAS and DDC controls field guideLow delta-T syndrome field guide
Valve protection cap
The threaded cover that protects the cylinder valve from a knock when no regulator is attachedIn: Compressed gas cylinder safety
Van-accessible space
The wider accessible variant: 11 ft plus a 5 ft aisle, or 8 ft plus an 8 ft aisle, with 98 in clearanceIn: Striping layout and stall geometryADA accessible parking layout
Vanity metric
A number that looks impressive but drives no decision, such as revenue without marginIn: Business KPIs and dashboard metrics
Vapor barrier
A retarder on the warm, pool side of walls, roof, and floor that stops moist air from condensing inside the assemblyIn: Natatorium HVAC field guideCold storage and refrigerated warehouse designDuct insulation field guide
Vapor barrier / vapor retarder
The continuous skin that stops humid air from reaching the cold pipe; sealed at every jointIn: Pipe insulation field guide
Vapor barrier vs vapor retarder
Barrier is 0.1 perms or less; retarder is 0.1 to 1.0 perms and only slows vaporIn: Under-slab vapor barrier and slab moisture
Vapor intrusion
Migration of VOC vapors from contaminated soil or groundwater up into a building through the soil-gas pathwayIn: Radon and vapor-intrusion mitigation
Vapor pressure
The push that moves water vapor from wet materials toward drier air; drying follows the gradientIn: Water mitigation and drying guidePump cavitation and NPSH field guide
Vapor retarder
A layer that slows water vapor diffusion through the assembly, rated by perm; a vapor barrier is the lowest-perm version, Class I at 0.1 perm or lessIn: Slab curling and warping controlBuilding insulation and air sealingSlab on grade design and thicknessRoof vapor retarder and air barrier
Vapor vent
Independent vent carrying flammable vapor from the separator to outside air, separate from sanitary ventingIn: Oil/water separator field guide
Vapor-compression cycle
The four-part loop, compressor, condenser, metering device, evaporator, that moves heat using a refrigerant that changes stateIn: Refrigeration cycle field guide
Vaporization
Liquid propane boiling to vapor in the tank, which slows in cold and under high loadIn: Propane LP-gas system install guide
Variable primary flow (VPF)
One variable-speed pump set through the chillers and coils, with a minimum-flow bypass protecting the evaporatorIn: Chiller plant sequencing optimization
Variable retainage / step-down
A contract term that reduces the retainage rate, or caps it, at a milestone such as 50 percent complete; some states require it.In: Retainage and retention field guide
Variable torque vs constant torque
Load type that sets drive duty: pumps and fans (normal duty) vs full torque at low speed (heavy duty)In: VFD install and commissioning
Variable-pitch sheave
An adjustable sheave whose movable flange changes pitch diameter to trim fan speedIn: Fan belt and sheave alignment guide
Variegated
The mottled, marbled, uneven color an acid stain produces, where the slab and the reaction drive the lookIn: Concrete coloring and staining
VAV box
Variable air volume terminal unit; a controlled damper, flow sensor, and optional reheat that conditions one zoneIn: VAV vs CAV air distributionHVAC zoning systems field guideVAV box commissioning field guide
Vbz / Voz / Vot
Breathing-zone, zone, and system outdoor airflow in the 62.1 rate procedureIn: Ventilation rate and outdoor air field guide
VCSEL
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, the low-cost 850 nm source for multimode SR opticsIn: Data center fiber types
VCT
Vinyl composition tile, a budget hard tile that needs wax and ongoing maintenanceIn: Commercial resilient flooring install
Vd / percent drop
Volts lost in the conductor, and that loss as a percentage of source voltageIn: Voltage drop field guide
VECP
Value engineering change proposal, a contractor-initiated proposal on public or federal work where accepted savings are shared with the ownerIn: Value engineering field guide
Vector group
The phase relationship between primary and secondary, shown as a clock position such as Dyn11In: Transformer acceptance testing field guide
Vegetation-free zone
A gravel or paver border at the perimeter and around penetrations for wind scour resistance, access, and fire breaksIn: Green roof maintenance programGreen roof installation
Vegetative / green / living roof
A planted assembly built over a watertight roof membrane for stormwater, cooling, amenity, and membrane protectionIn: Green roof maintenance programGreen roof installation
Vehicle restraint
A device that locks a trailer to the dock by its rear impact guard or wheel to stop creep and early departureIn: Overhead door and dock leveler field guide
Vehicular vs pedestrian system
Vehicular systems are built thicker with more aggregate for tires; pedestrian systems are lighter for foot trafficIn: Traffic deck coating
Velocity
Speed of the air stream, at the nozzle and, more importantly, at the floor, in ft/min or m/sIn: Air curtain field guide
Velocity pressure
The pressure from air motion that a pitot tube reads and converts to velocity, distinct from static pressureIn: Air balancing report field guide
Velocity pressure (VP)
The pressure from air motion the inlet sensor reads, converted to CFM through the K-factorIn: VAV box commissioning field guide
Vented / unvented
Whether combustion products go outside through a flue or into the space, which sets the ventilation requirementIn: Infrared radiant heater field guide
Ventilation interlock
The link that runs or boosts the exhaust on a hydrogen detection signalIn: Battery room ventilation and hydrogen safety
Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
A disorganized heart rhythm that pumps no blood; the shockable rhythm an AED is built to correctIn: Electrical shock first aid
Verification
Confirming an alarm is real, by call or video, before police respond; a verified alarm gets priority, an unverified one may get noneIn: Intrusion alarm field guide
Verified alarm
An alert a human or AI service has confirmed as a real event before it triggers a responseIn: Jobsite camera and video monitoring
Verifier (ASSE 6030)
The independent third party who tests and certifies the finished system, separate from the installerIn: Medical gas piping field guide
Version / revision
A numbered, dated issue of a document; the current revision supersedes the prior oneIn: Document control field guide
Vertical manager
A full-height cable channel on the side or rear of a rack that carries cable up and downIn: Data center rack cable management
Very-early warning
Detection at the incipient, off-gassing stage before visible smoke, the class of detection a data center buysIn: Aspirating smoke detection
VFA
Voids filled with asphalt, the share of VMA filled by effective binder; banded by trafficIn: Asphalt mix design (Superpave)
VFD
Variable-frequency drive on the pump, letting the CDU modulate flow to hold its control target and ramp on a pump lossIn: Pump station sizingFan laws field guideCRAC/CRAH airflow setupCDU commissioning
VFD / ASD / VSD / inverter
Names for the same device that varies motor speed by varying output frequency and voltageIn: VFD install and commissioning
VFD / variable-speed
A variable frequency drive that throttles pump speed to hold a discharge pressure setpoint across changing demandIn: Booster and PRV system guide
VFL
Visual fault locator, a red laser pen that confirms continuity and which physical fiber position lights upIn: MPO/MTP polarity methods
VGB Act
The Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act, the federal anti-entrapment law requiring compliant covers and secondary protectionIn: Pool and spa mechanical systems
VGB anti-entrapment drains
Main drains built to the Virginia Graeme Baker Act: compliant covers to ANSI/ASME A112.19.8, dual drains spaced so one body cannot block both, and an SVRS or other secondary system where required.In: Commercial pool construction
Vibration analysis / FFT
Reading mechanical vibration; the fast Fourier transform breaks it into a frequency spectrum that names the faultIn: Predictive maintenance guide
Vibration isolator
A spring or neoprene mount under the pump that keeps its vibration out of the structureIn: Hydronic pump install field guide
Vibratory truss screed
A vibrating blade or truss run form to form that strikes off and consolidatesIn: Laser screed and screeding methods
Video surveillance / CCTV
Cameras, a recorder or VMS, storage, and the network that carries the video; designed to capture a scene at a chosen detail levelIn: CCTV system design field guide
Visual line of sight (VLOS)
The Part 107 rule that the pilot or a visual observer must keep eyes on the aircraft throughout the flight, absent a waiver.In: Drone inspection field guide
VLF
Very-low-frequency AC withstand testing, around 0.1 Hz, the modern field acceptance test for shielded MV cableIn: MV cable termination and testing
VLF / partial discharge testing
VLF applies a 0.1 Hz AC withstand voltage; PD testing finds and locates local insulation defects; tan delta reads overall conditionIn: MV termination and splicing
VLT
Visible Light Transmittance, the percent of visible light the filmed glass passes; high is clear, low is darkIn: Commercial window film
VM
Vertical multiplier, for the height of the hands at the start of the liftIn: Material handling and lifting ergonomics
VMA
Viscosity-modifying admixture, which thickens the paste to hold the aggregate in suspensionIn: Self-consolidating concreteConcrete admixturesAsphalt mix design (Superpave)
VMS
Video management system, the platform that records, stores, and serves CCTVIn: Data center physical security field guide
Voc
Module open-circuit voltage from the nameplate, measured at the 25 degree C rating temperatureIn: PV system wiring (NEC 690)
Voc / Voc(cold)
Open-circuit module voltage, and that voltage corrected up for the coldest expected temperatureIn: PV system wiring (NEC 690)
VOCs / TVOC
Volatile organic compounds that off-gas from materials; TVOC is their lumped screening sum, not a single compoundIn: IAQ investigation and testing field guide
Voice evacuation
A spoken emergency instruction to evacuate or shelter, delivered by the fire alarm or emergency communication systemIn: Intercom and paging design field guide
Void content
The percent of the volume that is connected air space, commonly about 15 to 25 percent, that carries the waterIn: Pervious concrete field guide
Void content / void ratio
The share of a material or stone layer that is open space; the storage capacity of the reservoirIn: Porous and permeable pavement
Voltage class (gloves)
Rubber insulating glove rating, class 00 to 4, by maximum use voltage, for shock not arcIn: Arc flash PPE and clothing
Voltage drop
Volts lost in the cable over distance under load, which dims fixtures at the far end of a runIn: Low-voltage landscape lighting
Voltage match
Incoming set and bus equal in magnitude before close, so no reactive surge on tieIn: Generator paralleling switchgear
Voltage to ground
The voltage between a conductor and ground, the value that selects the depth row, not phase-to-phase voltageIn: Working clearance (110.26)
Volume allowance
The cubic inches Table 314.16(B) assigns to each conductor size for the countIn: NEC box fill, 314.16
VoP
Velocity of propagation, the pulse speed in the cable that converts time to distanceIn: Cable fault locating field guide
VPF
Variable primary flow, one variable-speed pump set serving both the chillers and the coilsIn: Chilled water pumping field guide
VPR
Voltage protection rating, the let-through voltage during a standard surge; lower clamps tighterIn: Surge protection (SPD) field guideSPD installation field guide
VRAM / longitudinal joint sealant
A void-reducing membrane placed hot under the joint before paving; it migrates up into the seam to fill voids and cut permeabilityIn: Longitudinal joint densityAsphalt paving joints and handwork
VRF
Variable refrigerant flow, advanced split DX with one outdoor unit feeding many indoor units, often with heat recoveryIn: Chilled water vs DX cooling
VRF / VRV
Variable refrigerant flow / variable refrigerant volume, the same modulating multi-split technology under different trademarksIn: HVAC system types field guideVRF commissioning field guide
VRLA
Valve-regulated lead-acid, the sealed lead-acid battery; fails by dry-out and impedance riseIn: Battery monitoring for VRLA and lithium
VRLA / VLA
Valve-regulated (sealed) lead-acid and vented (flooded) lead-acid, the two lead-acid families with different maintenance and roomsIn: Data center battery and storage typesUPS battery maintenance and testingBattery room ventilation and hydrogen safety

All glossary terms

On the job

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