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Field glossary

Terms — H

160 field terms starting with H, 18 with a full reference page. Each links to the Anvilfield guides where the term is used on the job.

H friction
Friction head lost in the suction piping, strainer, and valve before the pump inlet, in feetIn: Pump cavitation and NPSH field guideSump and sewage ejector sizing guide
H static
Static height of water above the pump suction in feet; positive on a flooded suction, negative on a suction liftIn: Pump cavitation and NPSH field guideSump and sewage ejector sizing guide
H2S
Hydrogen sulfide, the rotten-egg sewer gas that deadens the sense of smell as it reaches deadly concentrationsIn: Confined space entry field guide
HAC
Hot-aisle containment, which encloses the hot exhaust aisle and ducts it to the return, keeping the room coolIn: Aisle containment QA
HACCP cold-holding temperature
The food-safety control point: cold TCS food held at or below the food-code limit, commonly 41°F, monitored and logged, with the danger zone running 41°F to 135°FIn: Commercial refrigeration field guide
Hail vs wind damage
Hail leaves random bruises and granule loss; wind leaves directional creased, torn, lifted, or missing shinglesIn: Storm and hail damage restoration
Half-cell potential
The steel's electrical potential against a reference cell, mapped to find where corrosion is active, per ASTM C876In: Parking structure restorationRebar corrosion protectionConcrete spall repair
Half-warm / cold mix
Asphalt produced lower still (half-warm) or at ambient with emulsion or cutback (cold); separate productsIn: Warm mix asphalt (WMA)
Halocarbon vs inert gas
Halocarbons (FK-5-1-12, HFC-227ea) put fire out mainly by absorbing heat; inert gases (IG-541, IG-55, IG-100) lower oxygen below combustionIn: Data center fire suppression comparedData center fire and life safety
Handle tie
Listed accessory joining two single-pole breaker handles so they switch togetherIn: Multiwire branch circuits
Handrail
The graspable rail on stairs and ramps, set at 34 to 38 inches, sized for the hand and for the catch of a stumbleIn: Metal railing and guardrail fabrication
Handwork / luting
Hand-placed asphalt where the paver cannot reach, and truing its surface with the lute or rakeIn: Asphalt paving joints and handwork
Hanger wire
The wire suspending the grid from the structure, commonly 12 ga, attached to structure only and hung plumbIn: Suspended acoustical ceiling field guide
Hard / extra-hard usage
The flexible-cord ratings required for jobsite cords, marked on the jacket, like SOOW or SJTWIn: Temporary power field guide
Hard clash
Two solid elements occupying the same physical space, such as a pipe through a beamIn: BIM VDC coordination
Hard-set vs pressure-sensitive
Permanent curing adhesive versus a tacky film that grips and can releaseIn: Commercial resilient flooring install
Hardened-off
Stock acclimated to outdoor conditions before planting, so it transitions into the bed instead of shocking or burningIn: Seasonal color and annual rotation
Hardiness zone
A USDA map band based on average annual coldest winter temperature, used to tell whether a perennial survives local wintersIn: Landscape design and plant selection
Hardness (gpg / ppm)
Dissolved calcium and magnesium; 1 grain per gallon is about 17.1 ppm as calcium carbonateIn: Water treatment field guide
Hardscape drainage
Moving water off the surface and out from behind and under a patio, walkway, or wall, so it is never trappedIn: Hardscape drainage
Harmonic order
Whole-number multiple of the fundamental; the 5th is 300 Hz on a 60 Hz systemIn: Harmonics and power quality
Hartford loop
A return connection just below the boiler water line that limits water loss if the return leaksIn: Steam heating fundamentals field guide
Harvest cycle
The phase where a cuber warms the evaporator to release the frozen ice into the bin, between freeze cyclesIn: Commercial ice machine field guide
Haul route
The defined path vehicles take through the site, often one-way, sized for the largest vehicle that uses itIn: Jobsite logistics field guide
HAZ
Heat-affected zone, the base metal beside the weld whose properties the cooling rate changesIn: Weld heat input and CWI acceptance
Hazard assessment
The walk of a task to find the hazard to each body part and select PPE against it, required and, in general industry, documentedIn: PPE hazard assessment and selection
Hazard classification
NFPA 13 grouping of a space by contents (Light, Ordinary 1-2, Extra 1-2) that sets the design densityIn: Fire sprinkler system design guide
Hazardous (classified) location
An area where flammable gas, combustible dust, or ignitable fibers may be present in enough quantity to make electrical equipment an ignition riskIn: Hazardous classified locations
Hazardous energy
Any energy that can injure on release: electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, chemical, or gravityIn: Lockout/tagout field guide
Hazmat survey
The pre-demolition inspection for asbestos, lead, PCBs, mercury, and other regulated materials, required before demolition.In: Interior demolition strip-outBuilding demolition planning
HDD / microtrenching
Horizontal directional drilling steers a bore underground; microtrenching cuts a narrow shallow slot in pavementIn: OSP fiber and FTTH construction
HDPE
High-density polyethylene, the fused jointless pipe pulled in during burstingIn: Trenchless sewer repair field guide
Head
Pressure expressed as the height of a water column; 10 ft of head is about 4.3 psi at the bottomIn: Well pump and pressure tankWater feature installationPlumbing pressure test guide
Head (feet)
The energy the pump adds, expressed in feet of water; about 2.31 feet equals 1 psi for cold waterIn: Hydronic pump install field guide
Head box
A reservoir built above the gap on the pour side that creates hydraulic head to drive grout acrossIn: Grout types and baseplate grouting
Head entrapment / 3.5 to 9 inch rule
A bounded opening within reach must be 3.5 in or smaller, or 9 in or larger; the range between traps a head and is a strangulation hazardIn: Playground safety surfacing
Head lap / side lap
The horizontal and vertical overlaps between underlayment courses, printed as lines on most sheetsIn: Roofing underlayment types
Head-to-head coverage
Spacing heads so each throws to the next, giving close to 100 percent overlapIn: Sprinkler system design
Headlap
The overlap of a slate by the course two above it, giving three thicknesses at every line; 3 in standardIn: Slate roof field guide
Headlap and exposure
Headlap is how far a course laps the one below; exposure is the part of the tile left to the weather; more lap means less exposureIn: Tile roof installation
Headroom
The margin held between the capped load and the installed capacity, the buffer the spike rises intoIn: Power capping and oversubscriptionLow-voltage landscape lighting
Healthcare HVAC
Ventilation and air conditioning that performs infection control in a hospital, treating the room's air as a clinical deviceIn: Healthcare HVAC ventilation field guide
Heat anticipator
An adjustment on older stats that shortens the heat cycle to hold temperature steadierIn: Thermostat types and wiring field guide
Heat exchanger
The sealed metal chamber that transfers heat while keeping flue gas out of the airIn: Data center waste heat reuseSnow melt system field guideGas furnace field guide
Heat exhaustion
Early heat illness: heavy sweating, dizziness, nausea, headache, fast pulse, still mentally alertIn: Heat illness prevention
Heat flux
Snow-melt design load in Btu/hr per square foot, the heat the surface must deliverIn: Snow melt system field guide
Heat fusion
Welding HDPE pipe into one continuous line with a heater plate or an electrofusion coilIn: Pipe joining methodsGeothermal heat pump field guide
Heat index
Apparent temperature from air temperature plus humidity, in °F, available from weather apps and the OSHA-NIOSH Heat Safety ToolIn: Heat illness prevention
Heat input
Energy delivered per unit length of weld, kJ/in or kJ/mm, controlling cooling rateIn: Weld heat input and CWI acceptance
Heat of adsorption
Heat released into the process air as vapor adsorbs, why the dry air leaves warmIn: Desiccant dehumidification field guide
Heat of hydration
The heat released as cement reacts with water, which accumulates in a thick elementIn: Mass concrete thermal control
Heat or lot number
The production-run identifier used for traceability and claimsIn: Cable reel receiving and remainder log
Heat pump (hybrid)
An electric tank that moves heat from the air into the water at two to four times resistance efficiencyIn: Water heater types
Heat pump / COP
Equipment that raises the temperature of recovered heat using electricity; COP is heat delivered divided by electricity consumedIn: Data center waste heat reuse
Heat recovery
A VRF that can heat some zones and cool others at once, moving heat between them off one outdoor unitIn: VRF commissioning field guide
Heat stroke
Medical emergency: confusion, slurred speech, collapse, high core temperature; call 911 and cool immediatelyIn: Heat illness prevention
Heat trace
Electric heating cable run under the insulation to replace lost heat and actually prevent freezingIn: Pipe insulation field guidePipe freeze protection field guide
Heat-stress wearable
A device reading heart rate and estimating core-temperature strain to flag heat illness earlyIn: Wearable safety technology field guide
Heat-trap nipple
A fitting at the top of a water heater that stops convective heat loss and can scale or jam, choking the hot sideIn: Low water pressure guide
Heating airflow
The airflow a reheat box delivers in heating, a separate setpoint from the cooling minimum on a dual-max sequenceIn: VAV box commissioning field guide
Heating value
Heat per cubic foot of gas, about 1,000 BTU/ft3 for natural gas, near 2,500 for propaneIn: Gas piping sizing and install guide
Heave
Upward movement from soil swelling, usually expansive clay taking on moisture, the opposite of settlementIn: Foundation underpinning and repairConstruction dewatering field guide
Heavier than air
Specific gravity near 1.5, so propane sinks and pools low instead of risingIn: Propane LP-gas system install guide
HECP
Hydraulic erosion control product, the ECTC family from plain mulch up to BFMIn: Hydroseeding and erosion establishment
hef (embedment)
Effective embedment depth, how far the anchor reaches into the concrete, in inches or mmIn: Concrete anchor installation
Helical pier / screw pile
A steel shaft with one or more helical plates, screwed into soil until the plates bear in firm strata, carrying load in compression or tension.In: Helical piers and screw piles
Helical plate (helix)
The steel plate welded to the shaft at a true pitch that bears on the soil; its diameter and number set the bearing area and the capacity.In: Helical piers and screw piles
HEPA
High Efficiency Particulate Air, 99.97 percent capture at 0.3 micron, the most penetrating particle sizeIn: Silica dust control methodsAir duct cleaning field guideAir filtration and MERV field guide
HEPA / ULPA
High-efficiency filters; HEPA 99.97% at 0.3 micron, ULPA 99.999% or better near 0.12 micronIn: Cleanroom HVAC field guide
HEPA air scrubber / AFD
Air filtration device with a HEPA filter that lowers airborne spores and, ducted outside, creates negative pressureIn: Mold remediation field guide
Hermetic / semi-hermetic / open
Motor sealed in a welded shell, bolted serviceable housing, or external with a shaft sealIn: HVAC compressor types
Herringbone
A 45 or 90 degree zigzag pattern that resists vehicular creep; recommended for driveways and streetsIn: Paver layout and field border
HET
High-efficiency toilet, flushing at 1.28 gpf or less, the WaterSense threshold and about 20 percent below the federal maximumIn: Fixtures and water efficiency
HFC / HFO
Hydrofluorocarbon (high GWP, A1) and hydrofluoroolefin (low GWP, often A2L)In: Refrigerant types and A2L
HGI / grease trap
Hydromechanical grease interceptor, the small flow-rated unit sized in gallons per minuteIn: Grease interceptor field guide
Hierarchy of controls
The ranking of protections strongest first: eliminate, substitute, engineer, administrative, PPE; a wearable sits at or below PPEIn: Wearable safety technology field guideProximity warning and struck-by safety techIncident investigationPPE hazard assessment and selection
Hierarchy of fall protection
The ranking of systems from most to least effective: eliminate, then passive guardrails, then travel restraint, then fall arrest lastIn: Rooftop permanent fall protection
High leg (wild leg)
On a four-wire delta, the line that reads about 208 volts to neutral; must be identified and kept off 120-volt loadsIn: Three-phase wye vs delta
High side / low side
The high-pressure half from compressor discharge to the metering device, and the low-pressure half from the metering device to the compressor suctionIn: Refrigeration cycle field guide
High-build immersion lining / DFT
A thick, dense, product-matched film; DFT is its cured dry film thickness in milsIn: Tank coating and lining
High-heat procedures
Extra controls above an upper trigger temperature: more water and rest, closer watching, pre-shift warningIn: Heat illness prevention
High-intensity (luminous)
Gas heater with a glowing ceramic emitter at a high surface temperature, commonly near 1800°F, for spot heatIn: Infrared radiant heater field guide
High-leg / wild-leg
The higher-to-ground phase of a 4-wire delta, marked orange (110.15)In: Conductor color code and phase ID
High-level alarm
The audible, visual, and remote alert that trips above the lag-pump level when the pumps are not keeping up, before the wet well overflowsIn: Sewage lift station field guide
High-limit
The safety control above the operating control that cuts the burner on excess temperature or pressure, often manual-resetIn: Boiler startup commissioning
High-temp underlayment
A tile-rated membrane that holds up to the heat tile traps against the deck, where a standard ice-and-water shield would flowIn: Tile roof installation
High-voltage spark test
A charged brush swept over a dry, exposed membrane that sparks to ground at a pinhole; for bare membranes onlyIn: Electronic leak detection
High-water alarm
A float-triggered horn or alert that sounds when water rises past the primary's normal levelIn: Sump pump backup protection guide
Hinge
The band of uncut wood left between the notch and the back cut that steers and holds the falling treeIn: Tree removal and stump grinding
Hitch
How the sling attaches to the load (vertical, choker, or basket), each with a different rated capacityIn: Crane and rigging safety
HM
Horizontal multiplier, for the distance of the hands from the bodyIn: Material handling and lifting ergonomics
HMA
Hot mix asphalt, the conventional mix produced commonly around 300 to 350°FIn: Warm mix asphalt (WMA)
HMA / hot mix asphalt
Asphalt produced and placed hot, the standard product of an asphalt plantIn: Asphalt plant production
HMA / WMA
Hot-mix asphalt and warm-mix asphalt; WMA compacts at lower temperatures and extends the window in the coldIn: Cold-weather asphalt paving
HOA
Hand-off-auto switch; in hand the device runs regardless of the BMS, bypassing the automation, the classic commissioning findIn: BMS and DDC controls commissioning
Hold point
A mandatory stop where work cannot proceed until the inspection is signed offIn: Quality control and the ITPPermeable pavement installConstruction QA/QC programData center commissioning levels
Hold time
How long the test pressure is maintained; a code minimum around 10 minutes for examination, often 2 hours or more for spec acceptanceIn: Chilled water hydro test package
Holding strength
The tested load an attachment resists in slide and pull-out, used with a safety factor in the layoutIn: Snow guards and retention
Hole / floor opening
A gap of 2 inches or more in its least dimension in a walking or working surfaceIn: Jobsite housekeeping
Hole balance
The ratio of the weakest sampling hole's flow to the strongest, kept above a floor so no hole is starvedIn: Aspirating smoke detection
Holiday / pinhole
A pinhole, void, or bare spot in the film where the substrate is exposed, found by spark or sponge detectionIn: Tank coating and lining
Holiday detection
Electrical testing, wet sponge or high-voltage spark, that finds pinholes and bare spots in the filmIn: Protective coatings and blasting
Hollowcore
A flat floor or roof plank with voids run through it to cut weight, joined by grouted keywaysIn: Precast erection and connections
Home run / slack / rack dress
The three parts of one drop's installed length: the routed run, the service loop, and the run up the cabinet to the portIn: Cable tray fill and copper takeoff
Honeycomb
Voided, stone-exposed concrete where the mortar never filled between the coarse aggregateIn: Placement and consolidation
Hook-and-loop
Reusable fabric strap, VELCRO ONE-WRAP the common brand, that binds a bundle without crushing itIn: Data center rack cable management
Horizontal cabling
The run from the telecom room to the work-area outlet, limited to 90 m of permanent linkIn: Low-voltage and Class 2 cabling
Horizontal lifeline (HLL)
A cable or rail between anchors with an energy absorber that lets a worker stay tied off while moving along the roofIn: Rooftop permanent fall protection
Horizontal manager
A 1U or 2U finger duct or brush panel that carries cable side to side at the patch panelsIn: Data center rack cable management
Horizontal storm drain
The sloped horizontal pipe that collects conductors and carries the combined flow toward the building storm sewerIn: Interior storm drainage piping sizing
Horizontal vs vertical carrier
Horizontal carriers tie the waste into a horizontal branch; vertical carriers turn it down into a stack on stacked floorsIn: Fixture carriers and supports guide
HOS
Hours of service, the federal limits on driving and on-duty time in 49 CFR Part 395In: DOT compliance for contractors
Hose whip
A concrete pump end hose lashing out when a blockage clears under pressureIn: Struck-by and caught-in hazards
Host plant
The specific foliage a larva eats, such as milkweed for monarch caterpillars; usually native and species-specificIn: Native and pollinator planting
Hot (ungrounded)
The energized conductor from the breaker; lands on the brass screwIn: Device wiring: receptacles and switches
Hot / warm / cold
The tiers from fastest and most expensive (hot flash) to cheapest and slowest (cold object or archive)In: AI storage tier architecture
Hot joint / cold joint
A joint made hot against hot (echelon) versus a new lane paved against a cooled, cured edgeIn: Asphalt paving joints and handwork
Hot site
A fully running mirror with continuous replication and near-instant failoverIn: Data center disaster recovery
Hot surface igniter
The glow bar that heats to incandescence and lights the burners directlyIn: Gas furnace field guide
Hot weather concreting
Placing and protecting concrete when high air temperature, low humidity, wind, and sun speed up evaporation and hydration, per ACI 305In: Hot weather concreting
Hot work
Any operation producing sparks, flame, or heat that can ignite combustibles, such as welding, cutting, grinding, brazing, or torch workIn: Hot work permit field guide
Hot work permit
The authorization and checklist that controls welding, cutting, and other spark- or flame-producing workIn: Fire watch and impairment
Hot-air weld
A seam fused by hot air and roller pressure, melting the two thermoplastic sheets into oneIn: Single-ply seam QA
Hot-gas bypass
A valve that routes hot discharge gas back to the low side to fake a load and hold flow off the surge line at very low load, at an energy penaltyIn: Centrifugal chiller surge control
Hot-mix asphalt (HMA)
Asphalt and aggregate mixed and laid hot, the standard driveway mat; also called blacktop or bituminous concreteIn: Asphalt driveway installation
Hour meter / engine hours
The running-time counter on a machine that triggers the service interval, the equivalent of the odometer on a truckIn: Fleet maintenance program
Hourglass / 2 to 1 ratio
A sealant bead about twice as wide as deep, thinned in the middle so it stretches without peelingIn: Joint sealant replacement
Housekeeping pad
Raised concrete pad the equipment or its isolators sit on; a mounting, not an isolatorIn: HVAC vibration isolation field guide
HPC / low-permeability concrete
High-performance deck concrete with a low water-cement ratio and silica fume, designed to keep chloride outIn: Bridge deck construction
HR / S / RD
Home run, slack, and rack dress, the three parts of one drop's installed length in feetIn: Cable tray fill and copper takeoff
HRWR / superplasticizer
High-range water reducer, ASTM C494 Type F or G, cutting water at least 12 percent or giving high flowIn: Self-consolidating concreteConcrete admixtures
HSG
Hydrologic soil group A to D, ranking native soil infiltration from fast to tightIn: Bioretention and rain gardens
Human-in-the-loop
An arrangement where the robot runs the structured task and a person sets it up, supervises it, checks quality, and handles every exceptionIn: Construction robotics
Humidity ratio
The actual mass of water vapor per pound of dry air, in grains or pounds; 7,000 grains equal one poundIn: Psychrometric chart
HVAC re-contamination
Soot and odor left in the ductwork blowing back across cleaned rooms when the system restartsIn: Fire and smoke damage restoration field guide
HVDC / rack DC power
Distributing direct current at higher voltage, here 400 V or 800 V class, to a rack busbar rather than AC to per-server suppliesIn: Rack DC power distribution (HVDC)
Hybrid cable
A single jacketed line bundling optical fiber for signal and copper conductors for DC power up to the RRUsIn: Cell tower and antenna install
Hydration
The chemical reaction between cement and water that hardens concrete; it needs water to continueIn: Concrete curing methods and protection
Hydraulic calculation
The pipe-sizing method that proves the remote heads get the required density at the available supply pressureIn: Fire sprinkler system design guide
Hydraulic head (dh)
Extra depth above the overflow inlet needed to pass the design flowIn: Roof drainage and drain sizing
Hydro jetting
Cleaning the pipe with high-pressure water from a nozzleIn: Drain cleaning field guide
Hydrodemolition
High-pressure water removal of deteriorated concrete that leaves the rebar and sound concrete intact without micro-crackingIn: Bridge deck construction
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
The rotten-egg gas in sewer gas, toxic at high concentration and deadens the sense of smell as it climbsIn: Sewer gas odor field guide
Hydromulch
The hydraulic mulch in the slurry; also a mulch-only spray for erosion coverIn: Hydroseeding and erosion establishment
Hydronic
Heating by circulating hot water rather than steamIn: Boiler types field guide
Hydrophilic / bentonite
Swelling waterstops that expand on contact with water to seal a cold jointIn: Waterstop field guide
Hydropneumatic tank
A pressure tank with an air cushion that absorbs demand swings on a constant-speed booster so the pump cycles lessIn: Booster and PRV system guide
Hydroseeding / hydraulic seeding
Seeding done as a sprayed slurry of seed, mulch, tackifier, fertilizer, and waterIn: Hydroseeding and erosion establishment
Hydrostatic head
The pressure standing water exerts on the wall, growing about 0.43 psi per foot of depthIn: Waterstop field guideBelow-grade waterproofing
Hydrostatic pressure
The push of standing water against a wall, growing with depth, which can double or triple the wall's loadIn: Hardscape drainage
Hydrostatic relief valve / uplift
Hydrostatic uplift is groundwater pressure pushing up under an empty shell; the relief valve, in the main-drain sump over gravel, lets that water into the pool to equalize so the shell does not float.In: Commercial pool construction
Hydrostatic test
Periodic pressure test of the cylinder shell on an interval set by NFPA 10In: Fire extinguisher classes and PASS guidePlumbing pressure test guideChilled water hydro test package
Hydrostatic vs hydrokinetic
Hydrostatic seams hold back standing water; hydrokinetic roofs only shed water on a slopeIn: Metal roof types compared
Hydrostatic vs pneumatic test
Pressure test with water (safe, the default) versus with gas (stored-energy hazard, the exception)In: Industrial process piping
Hydroxyl vs ozone
Hydroxyl generators are generally safe in occupied spaces; ozone is a respiratory hazard, unoccupied onlyIn: Fire and smoke restoration field guide
Hydrozone
A group of plants with similar water needs placed together so one irrigation schedule suits them allIn: Smart irrigation field guideXeriscape and drought-tolerant designLandscape design and plant selectionSprinkler system design
Hygroscopic
Strongly attracting and holding water; the property that makes a material a desiccantIn: Desiccant dehumidification field guide
Hyperbola
The inverted-U reflection a round target makes on a GPR profile; the peak sits over the target and gives its depthIn: Concrete scanning before you drill
Hyperscale
A very large, standardized, self-built facility run by a cloud or platform operatorIn: Data center types field guide
Hyperscale line
The industry's rough threshold for hyperscale, commonly around 100 MW and upIn: Data center types field guide

All glossary terms

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